Economics of Food Labeling

by Elise Golan, Fred Kuchler, Lorraine Mitchell, Catherine Greene, and Amber Jessup

Federal intervention in food labeling is often proposed with the aim of achieving a social goal such as improving human health and safety, mitigating environmental hazards, averting international trade disputes, or supporting domestic agricultural and food manufacturing industries. Economic theory suggests, however, that mandatory food-labeling requirements are best suited to alleviating problems of asymmetric information and are rarely effective in redressing environmental or other spillovers associated with food production and consumption. Theory also suggests that the appropriate role for government in labeling depends on the type of information involved and the level and distribution of the costs and benefits of providing that information. This report traces the economic theory behind food labeling and presents three case studies in which the government has intervened in labeling and two examples in which government intervention has been proposed.

Keywords: labeling, information policy, Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, dolphin-safe tuna, national organic standards, country-of-origin labels, biotech food labeling

In this publication...

• Entire Report
• Frontmatter (Title page, Contents, Summary)
• Introduction
• The Firm's Voluntary Labeling Decision
• Third-Party Services for Voluntary Labeling
• Mandatory Labeling
• Nutrition Labeling
• Dolphin-Safe Tuna Labeling
• Organic Labeling
• Country-of-Origin
• Biotech Food Labeling
• References